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DAN News
DAN Technical Diving Workshop Proceedings Now Available
Last Updated: 12/1/2009 4:33:23 PM
It’s good news for those who weren’t able to attend last year’s DAN® Technical Diving Workshop in Durham, N.C. The proceedings from the workshop are now available for download to all interested divers, and they’re available free of charge.
More than 165 persons attended the two-day event. The conference included four half-day workshops that addressed physiology, decompression, rebreathers and training with discussions about the operational and medical aspects of technical diving. Participants came from across the United States and from Finland, the United Kingdom, Canada, American Samoa, Australia, New Zealand and Grand Cayman.
The conference had three primary objectives: to establish communications among technical divers, diving physicians and diving scientists; to provide objective information concerning what is known and unknown; and to establish the need for data collection and quantitative analysis to answer unresolved questions. All who attended agreed the workshop exceeded those goals, and the event was a success.
In addition to the proceedings, divers can also download highlights from the conference, including PowerPoint presentations and lectures from the four workshops.
If you have an interest in technical diving, this is a fantastic opportunity to hear what was discussed when some of the premier minds in the diving industry got together with the pioneers of technical diving. It was a special event, and it’s all available to you.
DAN Is Here For You.
Additional Resources:
DAN Technical Diving Workshop Proceedings
Effects of increased pCO2 and temperature on trace element (Ag, Cd and Zn) bioaccumulation in the eggs of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (update)
Published 16 November 2009 Science
Cephalopods play a key role in many marine trophic networks and constitute alternative fisheries resources, especially given the ongoing decline in finfish stocks. Along the European coast, the eggs of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis are characterized by an increasing permeability of the eggshell during development, which leads to selective accumulation of essential and non-essential elements in the embryo. Temperature and pH are two critical factors that affect the metabolism of marine organisms in the coastal shallow waters.
In this study, we investigated the effects of pH and temperature through a crossed (3×2; pH 8.1 (pCO2, 400 ppm), 7.85 (900 ppm) and 7.6 (1400 ppm) at 16 and 19°C, respectively) laboratory experiment. Seawater pH showed a strong effect on the egg weight and non-significant impact on the weight of hatchlings at the end of development implying an egg swelling process and embryo growth disturbances. The lower the seawater pH, the more 110 mAg was accumulated in the tissues of hatchlings. The 109Cd concentration factor (CF) decreased with decreasing pH and 65Zn CF reached maximal values pH 7.85, independently of temperature. Our results suggest that pH and temperature affected both the permeability properties of the eggshell and embryonic metabolism. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies on the consequences of ocean acidification and ocean warming on metal uptake in marine organisms, and our results indicate the need to further evaluate the likely ecotoxicological impact of the global change on the early-life stages of the cuttlefish.
Lacoue-Labarthe, T., Martin, S., Oberhänsli, F., Teyssié, J.-L., Markich, S., Ross, J., & Bustamante, P., 2009. Effects of increased pCO2 and temperature on trace element (Ag, Cd and Zn) bioaccumulation in the eggs of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. Biogeosciences 6(11): 2561-2573. Article.
Travel ready with everything you need for professional quality UW pictures
SeaLife has created the ultimate digital dive camera system which includes all the popular accessories and a 2GB memory card. The SeaLife DC 1000 Maxx is outfitted with the DC1000 camera, wide angle lens and two Digital Pro Flashes in a deluxe hard travel case. Dual flashes eliminate shadows by illuminating the subject from both sides. Light up the deep and capture spectacular underwater images with the brightest colors you ever imagined.
Set the camera to Ext Flash Auto mode for automatic exposure control with the Digital Pro Flash, resulting in vibrant colors and reduced backscatter. The Ext Flash Manual mode offers advanced UW photographers manual aperture and shutter speed controls.
Quick shutter response for fast action photography. Long lasting lithium battery for all day of diving. Automatic focus from 2" to infinity. Large format continuous video recording with sound. Depth tested to 200ft.�
With the Sealife DC1000 Maxx Kit you can take photographs as you explore the ocean world both above and below the water. This easy to use 10.0 Mega-pixel camera is good to depths of up to 200′ (60 m). Of course it is also ideal for taking worry-free pictures in the rain, at the beach, or on the ski slopes.
The camera features a large 2.7" LCD screen. This allows precise framing underwater. When shooting underwater without flash the camera has 4 underwater white balance settings. One is for blue ocean water less than 25′ (8m). The second is for blue ocean water deeper than 25′ (8m). The third is for green water less than 25′ (8m)and the last for green water deeper than 25′ (8m) . With the Spy mode feature you can set the camera to automatically take photos in ten second, thirty second, one minute, or five minute intervals. By setting this up on a tripod and swimming away you can photograph very shy creatures.
The camera housing allows access to all camera functions underwater. The sure fire flash connection system holds your fiber optic cable in the perfect position so the flash will fire every time. The camera is part of a system that will nurture your creativity and allow expansion of your underwater photography skills.
The kit includes two Sealife SL961 external strobe. Dual strobes eliminate shadows by illuminating the subject from both sides. Since water absorbs the red and yellow light spectrum resulting in blue pictures, you need a flash to bring out the intense colors of the underwater world. It also reduces the backscatter problem that normally will occur when using a camera with a built-in flash.
When using the Auto Mode Setting, the strobe automatically adjusts the brightness for optimal image exposure. You can also shoot in manual mode. The strobe features variable flash control enabling you to dial the flash power up or down for better image exposure. Also included is a flexible, rubberized arm for easy aiming and a sure grip. This will allow you to position the flash for the best possible lighting.
One of the most important secrets to quality underwater photography is to to be as close to your subject as possible. For large subjects the included Sealife Wide-Angle Lens is extremely important. It will increase your field of view by 50%. You will be able to capture that 5′ shark from 5′ away or fit a group of divers into one frame. You can get as close as 12" to your subject to insure bright colorful pictures.
The Sealife DC1000 arrived from K2Scuba.com earlier than promised. It comes assembled and in a very sturdy travel case. Instructions are clear and the system is easy to operate. It helps to be aware of several differences between typical and underwater photography before you use the camera and strobes. (Sealife on-line info is a good starting place for the uninitiated.) I took the system on a trip to the Carribean for a week of diving and was delighted with the quality of the system! The U/W housings are excellent and durable. The video quality is super and you can switch between still shots and video underwater by simply changing a setting. The screen size is quite adequate. Overall, a great buy for a system used by a recreational diver. Linda Marie from Wisconsin
- �
- � Easy 1-2-3 graphic on screen guide takes the guess work out of setting up the camera for great pictures
- �
- � Sea mode with 4 UW color correction settings for blue and green water conditions at shallow or deeper depths
- �
- � Ext Flash Auto mode for automatic exposure settings when using one or two external strobes
- �
- � Ext Flash Manual mode for manual aperture and shutter speed exposure controls when using one or two external strobes
- �
- � Spy Mode – Spy on nature with automatic continuous shots at pre-set time intervals of 10, 30 seconds or 1 and 5 minutes
- �
- � Plus 11 Land modes – Automatically pre-sets the camera for the type of scene; Includes Anti-shake and aperture/shutter priority
- �
- � Expandability with Sealife wide angle lens
- �
- � Pocket-size removable inner camera
- �
- � Rechargeable lithium ion battery for extra long battery life
- �
- � Big shutter button and widespread controls for easy access, even with dive gloves on
SL961 Strobe
- �
- � Dual strobes eliminates shadows by illuminating the subject from both sides
- �
- � In Auto Mode the strobe automatically adjusts the brightness for optimal image exposure
- �
- � In manual mode you have a variable brightness control dial for better image exposure
- �
- � 60� angle of coverage
- �
- � Recycle time of 7 seconds (Full power)
- �
- � Up to 100 flashes with full power batteries
SL970 Wide Angle Lens
- �
- � Snaps easily on and off
- �
- � Changeable underwater
- �
- � Focusing as close as 12" (30cm) � � �
Fully rubber armored for shock protection. 1-year warranty covers the underwater camera and flash accessory.
Includes
SeaLife DC1000, 10 mp camera � (SL100)
2GB Delkin SD Pro Series memory
SeaLife Wide Angle Lens with Lens Dock � (SL970 + SL972)
(2) SeaLife Digital Pro Flashes – (SL961)
(2) NiMH Charger Sets – (SL190)
(2) Diffusers for Digital Pro Flashes
Buoyancy Weight (SL966)
Deluxe Hard case with special die cut foam for all components
Travel ready with everything you need for professional quality UW pictures
SeaLife has created the ultimate digital dive camera system which includes all the popular accessories and a 2GB memory card. The SeaLife DC 1000 Maxx is outfitted with the DC1000 camera, wide angle lens and two Digital Pro Flashes in a deluxe hard travel case. Dual flashes eliminate shadows by illuminating the subject from both sides. Light up the deep and capture spectacular underwater images with the brightest colors you ever imagined.
Set the camera to Ext Flash Auto mode for automatic exposure control with the Digital Pro Flash, resulting in vibrant colors and reduced backscatter. The Ext Flash Manual mode offers advanced UW photographers manual aperture and shutter speed controls.
Quick shutter response for fast action photography. Long lasting lithium battery for all day of diving. Automatic focus from 2" to infinity. Large format continuous video recording with sound. Depth tested to 200ft.�
With the Sealife DC1000 Maxx Kit you can take photographs as you explore the ocean world both above and below the water. This easy to use 10.0 Mega-pixel camera is good to depths of up to 200′ (60 m). Of course it is also ideal for taking worry-free pictures in the rain, at the beach, or on the ski slopes.
The camera features a large 2.7" LCD screen. This allows precise framing underwater. When shooting underwater without flash the camera has 4 underwater white balance settings. One is for blue ocean water less than 25′ (8m). The second is for blue ocean water deeper than 25′ (8m). The third is for green water less than 25′ (8m)and the last for green water deeper than 25′ (8m) . With the Spy mode feature you can set the camera to automatically take photos in ten second, thirty second, one minute, or five minute intervals. By setting this up on a tripod and swimming away you can photograph very shy creatures.
The camera housing allows access to all camera functions underwater. The sure fire flash connection system holds your fiber optic cable in the perfect position so the flash will fire every time. The camera is part of a system that will nurture your creativity and allow expansion of your underwater photography skills.
The kit includes two Sealife SL961 external strobe. Dual strobes eliminate shadows by illuminating the subject from both sides. Since water absorbs the red and yellow light spectrum resulting in blue pictures, you need a flash to bring out the intense colors of the underwater world. It also reduces the backscatter problem that normally will occur when using a camera with a built-in flash.
When using the Auto Mode Setting, the strobe automatically adjusts the brightness for optimal image exposure. You can also shoot in manual mode. The strobe features variable flash control enabling you to dial the flash power up or down for better image exposure. Also included is a flexible, rubberized arm for easy aiming and a sure grip. This will allow you to position the flash for the best possible lighting.
One of the most important secrets to quality underwater photography is to to be as close to your subject as possible. For large subjects the included Sealife Wide-Angle Lens is extremely important. It will increase your field of view by 50%. You will be able to capture that 5′ shark from 5′ away or fit a group of divers into one frame. You can get as close as 12" to your subject to insure bright colorful pictures.
The Sealife DC1000 arrived from K2Scuba.com earlier than promised. It comes assembled and in a very sturdy travel case. Instructions are clear and the system is easy to operate. It helps to be aware of several differences between typical and underwater photography before you use the camera and strobes. (Sealife on-line info is a good starting place for the uninitiated.) I took the system on a trip to the Carribean for a week of diving and was delighted with the quality of the system! The U/W housings are excellent and durable. The video quality is super and you can switch between still shots and video underwater by simply changing a setting. The screen size is quite adequate. Overall, a great buy for a system used by a recreational diver. Linda Marie from Wisconsin
- �
- � Easy 1-2-3 graphic on screen guide takes the guess work out of setting up the camera for great pictures
- �
- � Sea mode with 4 UW color correction settings for blue and green water conditions at shallow or deeper depths
- �
- � Ext Flash Auto mode for automatic exposure settings when using one or two external strobes
- �
- � Ext Flash Manual mode for manual aperture and shutter speed exposure controls when using one or two external strobes
- �
- � Spy Mode – Spy on nature with automatic continuous shots at pre-set time intervals of 10, 30 seconds or 1 and 5 minutes
- �
- � Plus 11 Land modes – Automatically pre-sets the camera for the type of scene; Includes Anti-shake and aperture/shutter priority
- �
- � Expandability with Sealife wide angle lens
- �
- � Pocket-size removable inner camera
- �
- � Rechargeable lithium ion battery for extra long battery life
- �
- � Big shutter button and widespread controls for easy access, even with dive gloves on
SL961 Strobe
- �
- � Dual strobes eliminates shadows by illuminating the subject from both sides
- �
- � In Auto Mode the strobe automatically adjusts the brightness for optimal image exposure
- �
- � In manual mode you have a variable brightness control dial for better image exposure
- �
- � 60� angle of coverage
- �
- � Recycle time of 7 seconds (Full power)
- �
- � Up to 100 flashes with full power batteries
SL970 Wide Angle Lens
- �
- � Snaps easily on and off
- �
- � Changeable underwater
- �
- � Focusing as close as 12" (30cm) � � �
Fully rubber armored for shock protection. 1-year warranty covers the underwater camera and flash accessory.
Includes
SeaLife DC1000, 10 mp camera � (SL100)
2GB Delkin SD Pro Series memory
SeaLife Wide Angle Lens with Lens Dock � (SL970 + SL972)
(2) SeaLife Digital Pro Flashes – (SL961)
(2) NiMH Charger Sets – (SL190)
(2) Diffusers for Digital Pro Flashes
Buoyancy Weight (SL966)
Deluxe Hard case with special die cut foam for all components
Marine Lab Team Seeks To Understand Coral Bleaching
ScienceDaily (Oct. 26, 2009) — With technology similar to that used by physicians to perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, researchers from six institutions — including the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) — working at the Hollings Marine Laboratory (HML) in Charleston, S.C., are studying the metabolic activity of a pathogen shown to cause coral bleaching, a serious threat to undersea reef ecosystems worldwide.
Coral bleaching is the whitening of living coral due to a disruption of the symbiosis (two organisms whose living together benefits both) with its zooxanthellae, tiny photosynthesizing algae. These unicellular creatures reside within the coral’s tissues and provide the host organism with up to 90 percent of its energy. It’s the solar-derived chemical products of these algae that give the world’s coral species a rainbow of vivid colors. Unfortunately, ecologically valuable coral colonies around the globe are being threatened by an ocean-dwelling bacterium known as Vibrio coralliilyticus. When the microbe becomes virulent, it can infiltrate coral and dislodge the zooxanthellae, causing the coral to lose its pigmentation. If symbiosis is disrupted long enough, the coral dies from starvation.
Environmental scientists have shown in laboratory experiments that the virulence of V. coralliilyticus is temperature dependent, causing bleaching at temperatures above 24 degrees Celsius (75 degrees Fahrenheit). These findings have raised concerns that increasing ocean temperatures — either through natural seasonal changes or climate change trends — may lead to increased risk of widespread coral bleaching. During the past two decades, it has been reported that nearly 30 percent of the world’s coral reefs — and the ecosystems they support — have been severely degraded by bleaching.
In a recent paper in Environmental Science and Technology, the HML research team described how it used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study metabolic changes in V. coralliilyticus resulting from temperature effects. The technique allows discovery of small-molecule metabolism-related compounds that correlate with different biological conditions. In this study, the levels of three compounds — betaine, glutamate and succinate — that help regulate energy production and osmotic pressure (a mechanism for maintaining cellular integrity) in V. coralliilyticus were determined to vary significantly between 24 degrees Celsius when the bacterium is not virulent and 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit) when it is. These metabolic changes, the HML team believes, are clues to learning why the small temperature change can turn non-virulent V. coralliilyticus into a coral bleaching menace.
Future metabolomic studies of V. coralliilyticus are planned to better understand the complete temperature-dependent mechanism involved in its pathogenicity. The researchers hope that these findings will lead to a better understanding of the symbiotic relationships that exist in healthy coral and the potential impacts on those relationships under changing ecological conditions.
Journal reference:
- Boroujerdi et al. NMR-based microbial metabolomics and the temperature-dependent coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009; 43 (20): 7658 DOI: 10.1021/es901675w
an anonymous and customer review of the Pinnacle Evolution 2 from Divers One
Just wanted to share my thoughts on my new drysuit, the Pinnacle Evolution 2 for anyone who was looking to buy one or was shopping around for a dry suit–
Diving the cold California waters last winter make me break down and get a drysuit–the ol’ 7mm wasn’t cutting it for Multiple daily dives
I am 6 feet tall and tip the scales at a lean 155lbs, and went with a size ML as said on the Pinnacle website. As far as options, I went with the neoprene socks (size 11, same as my regular shoe size) and they are a perfect fit. The rock boots are a size larger at 12. I also had a P-Valve installed. The suit comes with a 7mm hood, hose, suspenders, and storage bag. I also ordered the Pinnacle Evolution undergarment, size Large. Total time from order to delivery was less than 2 weeks. 
First, what I don’t like/would change…
Overall, the fit is very good. There is some extra material around the calf that creates some air space, but this might be because of my lean (skinny) legs/build. The extra space did not cause too much of a problem during my first couple of dives, but I want to try it with gaiters to see if it makes a difference. The suit is very stiff when dry, but loosens up nicely when underwater.
The Evo 2 does come with pockets–which are pretty small but functional. I was able to fit a backup light in one pocket and an SMB in the other. Larger pockets would have been nice, but I don’t carry too much gear, so it shouldn’t be too much of an issue. The Suit is not as form fitting as say the whites fusion, and you can definitely feel the extra drag and effort it takes to push through the water.
The stock pinnacle rock boots are very narrow, so if you have wide feet, you might want to try a different style of rock boot.
The wrist seals are thick latex which is good, but where they attach to the suit is a bit bulky, so adding gauges (wrist computer, compass, slate) takes some care/repositioning and effort.
The SI p-valve sticks out. it is not in the way, but it is not as low profile as some of the other models out there.
Now, what I like:
The Evo 2 is definitely a rugged suit-the cordura looks like it can stand up to a lot. it looks tough, and although I tend to baby my gear, it can hold up to some scrapes and scuffs. The wrist seals are very heavy latex–heavier than the DUI ones on the suit I was looking at.
The front entry, Telescoping torso, and ample space in the torso make it a breeze to put on and take off. In the water, the suit becomes much more flexible, making putting fins on, venting air etc an easy task.
From my experience, the Pinnacle size chart is a good measure of size/fit.
The Pinnacle Evo undergarment is VERY warm. it is a bit buoyant so extra lead might be in order, but for California diving it fits the bill. The moisture wicking aspect of the undergarment does its job perfectly.
The rock boots, while narrow, have laces that go far up the ankle, giving a good amount of support and security from feeling the air rush to your feet.
Bottom Line:
I am very happy with this suit. It has all the features/options I was looking for (pockets, front entry, warm neck collar, p-valve, relief zipper, vulcanized boots or neoprene socks, etc) and for the price, is a great deal. I was able to get the Suit, Undergarment, Rock Boots and Accessories for a lot less than a stock DUI TLS350. If you are in the market for a drysuit, give pinnacle a try. As I get more dives in this suit I’m sure I will have some more to say.
Now, for a limited time, K2 is throwing in an undergarment and hood for FREE with your purchase of your $1598 Pinnacle Evolution 2
Tech Stuff:
Fully self-donning front-entry drysuit
� Diagonal YKK-BDM front zipper with protective zipper flap
� Rugged 220 gram Cordura� exterior is strong and resists cutting and abrasions
� Cordura� material is cut on the bias, making material as strong as ever, yet more flexible
� Reinforced seat and knees stand up to the rigors of wreck diving
� Telescoping torso with elastic crotch strap aids in donning and allows for greater range of motion
� Standard pocket on each leg comes with Velcro� closure, grommeted drain hole, three attachment points, and elastic shock cord
� Si-Tech low-profile 360-degree inflation and exhaust valves
� Internal elasticized waistband and suspenders improve fit
and comfort
� Latex neck and wrist seals are of the heaviest grade available
for incredible durability, yet are extremely comfortable
� Standard boots are made of vulcanized rubber with 5mm neoprene insulation and are available in sizes 5 through 15
� Can be fitted with neoprene socks for no additional charge
� Includes carry bag, inflation hose, and drysuit hood and for a limited time, UNDERGARMENT OF YOUR CHOICE
an anonymous and customer review of the Pinnacle Evolution 2 from Divers One
Just wanted to share my thoughts on my new drysuit, the Pinnacle Evolution 2 for anyone who was looking to buy one or was shopping around for a dry suit–
Diving the cold California waters last winter make me break down and get a drysuit–the ol’ 7mm wasn’t cutting it for Multiple daily dives
I am 6 feet tall and tip the scales at a lean 155lbs, and went with a size ML as said on the Pinnacle website. As far as options, I went with the neoprene socks (size 11, same as my regular shoe size) and they are a perfect fit. The rock boots are a size larger at 12. I also had a P-Valve installed. The suit comes with a 7mm hood, hose, suspenders, and storage bag. I also ordered the Pinnacle Evolution undergarment, size Large. Total time from order to delivery was less than 2 weeks.
First, what I don’t like/would change…
Overall, the fit is very good. There is some extra material around the calf that creates some air space, but this might be because of my lean (skinny) legs/build. The extra space did not cause too much of a problem during my first couple of dives, but I want to try it with gaiters to see if it makes a difference. The suit is very stiff when dry, but loosens up nicely when underwater.
The Evo 2 does come with pockets–which are pretty small but functional. I was able to fit a backup light in one pocket and an SMB in the other. Larger pockets would have been nice, but I don’t carry too much gear, so it shouldn’t be too much of an issue. The Suit is not as form fitting as say the whites fusion, and you can definitely feel the extra drag and effort it takes to push through the water.
The stock pinnacle rock boots are very narrow, so if you have wide feet, you might want to try a different style of rock boot.
The wrist seals are thick latex which is good, but where they attach to the suit is a bit bulky, so adding gauges (wrist computer, compass, slate) takes some care/repositioning and effort.
The SI p-valve sticks out. it is not in the way, but it is not as low profile as some of the other models out there.
Now, what I like:
The Evo 2 is definitely a rugged suit-the cordura looks like it can stand up to a lot. it looks tough, and although I tend to baby my gear, it can hold up to some scrapes and scuffs. The wrist seals are very heavy latex–heavier than the DUI ones on the suit I was looking at.
The front entry, Telescoping torso, and ample space in the torso make it a breeze to put on and take off. In the water, the suit becomes much more flexible, making putting fins on, venting air etc an easy task.
From my experience, the Pinnacle size chart is a good measure of size/fit.
The Pinnacle Evo undergarment is VERY warm. it is a bit buoyant so extra lead might be in order, but for California diving it fits the bill. The moisture wicking aspect of the undergarment does its job perfectly.
The rock boots, while narrow, have laces that go far up the ankle, giving a good amount of support and security from feeling the air rush to your feet.
Bottom Line:
I am very happy with this suit. It has all the features/options I was looking for (pockets, front entry, warm neck collar, p-valve, relief zipper, vulcanized boots or neoprene socks, etc) and for the price, is a great deal. I was able to get the Suit, Undergarment, Rock Boots and Accessories for a lot less than a stock DUI TLS350. If you are in the market for a drysuit, give pinnacle a try. As I get more dives in this suit I’m sure I will have some more to say.
Now, for a limited time, K2 is throwing in an undergarment and hood for FREE with your purchase of your $1598 Pinnacle Evolution 2
Tech Stuff:
Fully self-donning front-entry drysuit
� Diagonal YKK-BDM front zipper with protective zipper flap
� Rugged 220 gram Cordura� exterior is strong and resists cutting and abrasions
� Cordura� material is cut on the bias, making material as strong as ever, yet more flexible
� Reinforced seat and knees stand up to the rigors of wreck diving
� Telescoping torso with elastic crotch strap aids in donning and allows for greater range of motion
� Standard pocket on each leg comes with Velcro� closure, grommeted drain hole, three attachment points, and elastic shock cord
� Si-Tech low-profile 360-degree inflation and exhaust valves
� Internal elasticized waistband and suspenders improve fit
and comfort
� Latex neck and wrist seals are of the heaviest grade available
for incredible durability, yet are extremely comfortable
� Standard boots are made of vulcanized rubber with 5mm neoprene insulation and are available in sizes 5 through 15
� Can be fitted with neoprene socks for no additional charge
� Includes carry bag, inflation hose, and drysuit hood and for a limited time, UNDERGARMENT OF YOUR CHOICE
The Pelagic Plastic Plague
In 1997, while sailing from Hawaii to California, amateur scientist Captain Charles Moore made a surprising discovery — what he calls a vast "garbage patch" of plastic debris in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
Today, Moore heads the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, which is dedicated to researching the extent of plastic pollution in the world’s oceans. Captain Moore has developed procedures to monitor marine and beach plastic pollution, and has done ocean and coastal sampling for plastic fragments over twenty thousand miles of the north Pacific ocean.
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